In higher plants, there are three carotenoid pigments which might be energetic within the xanthophyll cycle: violaxanthin, antheraxanthin, and zeaxanthin. During mild stress, violaxanthin is converted, i.e. reduced, to zeaxanthin via the intermediate antheraxanthin, which performs a direct photoprotective role appearing as a lipid-protective anti-oxidant and by stimulating non-photochemical quenching within mild-harvesting proteins. In diatoms and dinoflagellates, the xanthophyll cycle consists of the pigment diadinoxanthin, which is transformed into diatoxanthin (diatoms) or dinoxanthin (dinoflagellates) under excessive-light conditions. Wright et al Here is more about Alsuprun.com review the webpage. .
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